COVID19, the war in Ukraine, the economic crisis, the energy crisis, climate change

Each month brings new fears and new reasons to worry about the future. In a world marked by permanent change, by the occurrence of the unthinkable generating a continuous feeling of insecurity, having confidence has become increasingly difficult: confidence in the future, confidence in our environments, in our organisations, confidence in our contemporaries, confidence in our collaborators and confidence in our ability to face a difficult tomorrow. Confidence and fear are inseparable and they are like the opposite sides of the same coin. Unable to look at both sides of a coin at the same time, we must constantly fight our fears with confidence. Therefore, more than ever, trust is an essential element to obtain team security and it only takes one person feeling insecure for the overall confidence of the team to be eroded. This feeling of low self-confidence is particularly true for the younger generation of veterinary surgeons and specialized veterinary assistants. This can result in difficulties that are often unexpressed and can lead professionals to abandon these vocations of "passion" since they do not feel up to the expectations of clients and managers alike. Building the self-confidence of the people concerned has become a professional priority. The origin of the feeling of lack of self-confidence is collective. Therefore, its treatment is collective. Since each member has the capacity to fight against their fears, he or she can play their part and increase security in the team.

How COVID has changed veterinary medicine

The COVID 19 pandemic has caused an increase in the number of owned cats and dogs and the resulting increased demand for veterinarians and veterinary services. This has also caused increased work stress and performance issues by veterinarians. This paper describes how veterinarians can minimize work stress by modifying their schedule of medical activities in order to still maintain an ideal work life balance.

Impacts of the COVID-19 response on frontline healthcare workers

The COVID-19 pandemic, and the responses to it that were required from frontline healthcare providers and others working in healthcare settings including environmental, clerical, and security staff, has challenged our healthcare systems in unprecedented ways. The threats to the financial, physical, and psychological well-being of healthcare professionals-many of whom entered the field due at least in part to a deep commitment to caring for and helping others-will have profound and long-lasting personal and professional impacts. Early in the pandemic response, healthcare professionals knew little about the risks they, their patients, and their loved ones faced from COVID-19 as they operated under crisis standards of care and without adequate supplies of personal protective equipment. As the pandemic response progressed, the lack of clear, science-based guidance, and the politicization of the pandemic presented new medical, ethical, and moral dilemmas. New psychological support mechanisms, including crisis counseling and evidence-based interventions, are needed for all workers in healthcare settings, regardless of their job role. © 2023 The authors.

Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome: an overview

One of the conformational issues by the explosion Of pet ownership throughout the COVID 19 pandemic is the Ming number dunes of brachycephalic obstructive envay syndrome (BOAS), which is a condition prevalent in some of the UK's most copular dog breeds The challenges the veterinary profession is not only to identify and treat affected individuals from within the population of dogs presenting to primary care clinicians, using surgical and non-surgical options but also to educate clients on how to recognise clinical signs of the disease as early as possible.

Could veterinarians be immune to contracting SARS-CoV-2?

Introduction: The aim of the study was to assess the epidemic situation among veterinarians of the Swietokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland, in relation to the control group. Material and methods: The research was divided into 3 stages. Stage I involved the selection of subjects. In stage II, flow cytometry for immunophenotyping was performed and the percentage of the sub-population of CD4 cells and CD8 cells was assessed. Stage III involved collection of nasopharyngeal swab samples in order to determine the canine coronavirus CR-CoV mRNA with the rT-PCR method. Results: The percentage of the CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte subpopulation in relation to the total lymphocyte population in veterinarians did not differ statistically from the percentage in the control group. The CD4/CD8 ratio in the group of veterinarians was on average 1.93, and 2.04 in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups, p = 0.591. Canine CR-CoV mRNA was not detected in any of the veterinarians or in the control group. Conclusions: None of the veterinarians had a significant increase in T lymphocytes, which could be an effective defense against SARS-CoV-2.

Delivery quantity without compromising quality

The future expansion of the poultry business is hampered by a number of reasons, including chicken immunity, health, and productivity. Major obstacles to the current state of the sector and its strategic future will continue to be consumer confidence, product quality and safety, product kinds, and the introduction and re-emergence of illnesses. Poultry is inextricably related to zoonotic and foodborne illnesses. Foodborne and zoonotic pathogen eradication, elimination, and/or management provide a significant challenge to the chicken business. The risks to the general public's health from eating foods with significant antibiotic residues will also continue to be a major problem. This review's idea of chicken farming goes beyond only thinking about disease prevention. Instead, it will take into account how the immunity, wellbeing, and health of the animals are interconnected. It is crucial to understand that hens are not vulnerable to intranasal SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) viral infection. Nevertheless, the COVID-19 pandemic will have an impact on chicken farming's finances, transportation, and consumption. Along with these factors, it will evaluate the maintenance of high environmental security as well as economic, ethical, and social aspects. For the industry to meet consumer demand and ensure sustainable agriculture, shareholders, veterinarians, farmers, and all other stakeholders in the chain of poultry production need to be more active in the current state and the sector's strategic future. The current evaluation examines these crucial activities as a result.

Overview of the most significant Coronavirus infections in veterinary medicine

Background. Coronaviruses (CoVs) have been recognized in veterinary virology for a long time and comprise a large group of RNA viruses responsible for enteric, respiratory, hepatic, and neurologic diseases in a variety of animal species and humans. These viruses are very adaptable considering their highly error-prone replication process and recombination ability, resulting in remarkable mutability and efficient expansion of their host range and tissue tropism. Scope and Approach. In the recent past, after the outbreaks caused by SARS-CoV in 2002 and MERS-CoV in 2012, CoVs became a research focus in the scientific community. Moreover, the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic raised more questions concerning the threats posed by these viruses. Several significant examples of coronaviruses jumping the species barrier and changing their tropism have been reported in the past, and novel viruses of both animals and humans have appeared as a consequence. This paper reviews some of the examples of CoV mutability and the most notable animal coronaviruses of veterinary relevance. Key Findings and Conclusions. There is still no proof that the novel virus SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted to humans from domestic animals, and its recent cross-species jump is currently being intensively researched. Intensified and diverse human activities that lead to the disruption of ecosystems contribute to the increased risk of contact with animals that might represent virus reservoirs. The need for constant surveillance of CoVs and expanded studies of their virological traits, mutation mechanisms, diversity, prophylactic and therapeutic measures highlight the key role of both veterinarians and medical doctors in order to preserve the health of the human population.

Compete or Cooperate with 'Dr. Google'? Small Animal Veterinarians' Attitudes towards Clients' Use of Internet Resources-A Comparative Study across Austria, Denmark and the UK.

Veterinary medicine is increasingly affected by animal owners having the opportunity to become better informed on pet health issues by using various internet resources. Using an online questionnaire including a section on clients' use of internet resources to obtain medical information, this study aimed to investigate veterinarians' estimates of the percentage of clients using internet resources, how often clients question veterinarians' professional medical advice based on online information, and veterinarians' attitudes towards clients' use of internet resources, across Austrian, Danish, and UK veterinarians (n = 641). The results show that 48.8% of respondents estimated that 40-79% of their clients use internet resources to find medical information. Further, 70-80% of respondents stated that they are occasionally challenged by clients questioning their advice based on online information. Although veterinarians recognized the potential advantages related to clients' use of internet resources, such as an increased acceptance of advanced diagnostics and treatments, they also highlighted clients' increased expectations or false impressions of small animal practices as potentially negative aspects in this context. As internet use increases, it seems likely that these issues will become increasingly important in the future.

Q&A: Uganda’s first wildlife vet wants to change world

Speed read Named Champion of the Earth by UNEP Neighbour’s pet monkey sparked interest in primates Works to protect Uganda’s mountain gorillas In Uganda’s forest communities, tension and conflict with wildlife can be common. Hear more about Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka’s amazing adventures with gorillas in this episode of SciDev.Net podcast Africa Science Focus As a zoonotic disease expert, how have you been able to inculcate your research in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, and ensure that the animals are safe in their habitats? [...]I wanted to contribute to conservation beyond being a vet, by setting up an NGO [Conservation Through Public Health] that also supports the communities.

Antibiotic prescription practices amongst veterinarians in Nigeria.

The high rate of antibiotic resistance constitutes a global threat to the continuous use of these drugs, because of increasing treatment failures. The aim of this study was to survey antibiotic prescription practices of veterinarians and the possible contribution to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in Nigeria during the COVID era. This was a cross-sectional study that used a 33-question survey questionnaire administered to registered veterinarians in Nigeria. The study was both online survey and hard copy administered during the annual meeting of the veterinarians from July to October 2021. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis using Chi-square test were also done to analyze the results, while a two-tailed P-value of <0.05 at 95% confidence level was considered statistically significant. IBM SPSS Version 26 was used to analyze the data. A total of 172 respondents completed the online and hard copy questionnaire. Majority of the respondents engaged majorly in mixed veterinary practice (72.1%). A total of 53.5% were aware of the country's policy concerning antibiotic prescription, while majority (64.5%) do not do culture and sensitivity before antibiotic prescription. Majority (34.3%) felt that the risk of potential adverse drug reaction could affect their decision when choosing to prescribe an antibiotic to the owner. Majority (51.2%) felt that some antibiotics were over prescribed, while 26.7% opined that all antibiotics were appropriately prescribed. To improve antibiotic use and practice amongst veterinarians in Nigeria, dependence on laboratory services for antibiotic prescription, enforcement of national guidelines and monitoring of antibiotic prescription amongst the veterinarians is essential to curb over-prescription and strengthen antimicrobial stewardship.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a cohort of Labrador retrievers in England.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic is likely to have affected the welfare and health of dogs due to surges in adoptions and purchases, changes in the physical and mental health and financial status of dog owners, changes in dogs' lifestyle and routines and limited access to veterinary care. The aims of this study were to investigate whether COVID-19 restrictions were associated with differences in Labrador retrievers' lifestyle, routine care, insurance status, illness incidence or veterinary attendance with an illness, who were living in England and enrolled in Dogslife, an owner-based cohort study. Longitudinal questionnaire data from Dogslife that was relevant to the dates between the 23rd of March and the 4th of July 2020, during COVID-19 restrictions in England, were compared to data between the same dates in previous years from 2011 to 2019 using mixed regression models and adjusted chi-squared tests. RESULTS: Compared with previous years (March 23rd to July 4th, 2010 to 2019), the COVID-19 restrictions study period (March 23rd to July 4th 2020) was associated with owners reporting increases in their dogs' exercise and worming and decreases in insurance, titbit-feeding and vaccination. Odds of owners reporting that their dogs had an episode of coughing (0.20, 95% CI: 0.04-0.92) and that they took their dogs to a veterinarian with an episode of any illness (0.58, 95% CI: 0.45-0.76) were lower during the COVID-19 restrictions compared to before. During the restrictions period, owners were less likely to report that they took their dogs to a veterinarian with certain other illnesses, compared to before this period. CONCLUSIONS: Dogslife provided a unique opportunity to study prospective questionnaire data from owners already enrolled on a longitudinal cohort study. This approach minimised bias associated with recalling events prior to the pandemic and allowed a wider population of dogs to be studied than is available from primary care data. Distinctive insights into owners' decision making about their dogs' healthcare were offered. There are clear implications of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions for the lifestyle, care and health of dogs.

Mask wearing in the veterinary practice

The clinical environment of a veterinary practice relies on personal protective equipment (PPE) for infection and biosecurity control, especially in areas such as the operating theatre room, dental suites and isolation wards. PPE places a barrier between staff and exposure risk and helps prevent the spread of pathogens between animals and staff. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, face masks were mainly required in clinical areas that posed the highest risk. However, as a result of SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, being spread by airborne transmission, face masks have been worn throughout all areas of practice, reducing the emission of the virus carrying particles when worn by an infected person. This article discusses the evidence-based research for the effectiveness of face coverings in the control of the spread of COVID-19. It also considers the social and psychological impacts to veterinary staff, clients and patients with doing so. Information on COVID-19 was gathered from government and scientific studies and research conducted by the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (RCVS) and Dogs Trust relating to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on animals and veterinary nurses.

The impact of COVID- 19 pandemic on animals and veterinarians

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic process on animals, animal caregiver, and veterinary students, clinical academicians and self-employed veterinarians in our country were evaluated in this study. By examining the available resources on the subject, the situation in our country and in the world has been revealed. In addition, information is given on the characteristics of the COVID-19 agent and the differences between animal species. New studies in dogs and especially cats, in which coronavirus infection is common, will help us to provide information concerning the effects of COVID-19 in these animals and the contamination patterns and course of the disease.

Veterinary ethics in the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective: This research is the first study carried out to reveal the effects of Covid-19, which went down in history as the pandemic of our century, on veterinary ethics in our country. Material and Methods: The dimensions of the pandemic were revealed by examining the limited number of domestic and foreign resources on the subject. These studies were evaluated ethically in accordance with the purpose of our research.

Evaluation and comparison between online and traditional learning of veterinary anatomy

In the shadow of covid-19 pandemic, electronic learning (E-learning), also known as online classes, has become the main option. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of online learning in veterinary anatomy, as well as the theoretical and practical outcomes that resulted from it. it compares the exam scores of students in both teaching methods (conventional and E-learning). About 100 students were used in this study. Furthermore, it demonstrated the students' practical knowledge in the area of E-online learning. The first semester was dedicated to formal education. The second semester was completed entirely online. The findings revealed that during lectures, complex involvement in online activities is substantially reduced. The awareness of students was assessed by comparing student grades from these three semesters. In comparison to traditional schooling, the exam results showed an irregular distribution in E-learning and online tests, with E-learning scores substantially higher. During the E-learning time, the functional laboratory was completely absent. The practical part, of the veterinary anatomy classes, involves laboratory participation to show students various systems of the animals and enable them to use different techniques, training them for future classes such as clinical and surgical classes. The results revealed that reached the conclusion that e-learning is inadequate for teaching veterinary anatomy.

Virulent Zones: Animal Disease and Global Health at China's Pandemic Epicenter By Lyle Fearnley,. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2020. viii, 280 pp. ISBN: 9781478011057 (paper)

Laboratory work on viral phylogenetics combined with broad claims about agricultural practices in South China, specifically the cultivation of free-grazing ducks, to produce claims about China as a disease epicenter;the development of spatial models of influenza epidemics in the early 2000s turned this ideological claim into a research object. Using a case study of the FAO Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases established in Beijing in 2006, Fearnley suggests that senior technical director Vincent Martin employed two contrasting tactics to gain access to the epidemic epicenter: affinity, involving the cultivation of relationships to facilitate exchange of information and materials, and stratification, in which Martin demonstrated the insignificance of territorial boundaries to questions of epidemic risk and biosecurity. Rich McKay has recently shed light on stigmatizing discourses of “Patient Zero” that arose in the context of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the 1980s.2 How do the scaled-up efforts to demarcate zones of risk traced so carefully by Fearnley connect to ever-growing concerns with identifying the individual, episodic origin of epidemics?

Stress-free vet visits: considering the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic

Visits to the small animal veterinary practice are typically stressful for many animals, especially where they already have an anxious or fearful disposition. Although the purpose of the visit is to improve the animal's welfare (by improving physical health and wellbeing), there may be an impact on the animal's mental health and emotional state. The current pandemic situation has made vet visits even more difficult, because a number of options for preparing for the visit, or carrying out the visit itself, have not always been available. This article considers techniques for minimising fear, anxiety and stress in companion animals being treated at the vet practice, through preparation, protocols and procedures. Principles of good practice when helping animals to have the least stressful experience during a vet visit are considered. Additional special measures for particularly anxious or fearful animals are also discussed. The identification of stress-reducing protocols is largely based on the low-stress handling techniques identified in research and the importance of these as perceived by veterinary staff. Changes within the practice that have impacted animals' anxiety levels, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, are identified and considered. Reflections concerning the pandemic experience, as provided to the author by a number of veterinary surgeons and nurses, are recorded and considered as the basis for further research. Consideration is also given to the feasibility and value of retaining some changes implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic.